Hi everybody! How's it going?? I am ready!
Are you ready for a trip around the Solar System? Let's go!
Ah! One minute.
Before we leave we should know
the signs for what we will find in space.
The Solar System is made up of:
the sun, planets and satellites.
Stars, asteroids, and comets.
Now we are ready to go!
Let's go!
We've arrived at the sun.
The sun is a very large astro with a lot of light
which lights up the Earth and gives us day.
The sun is a star.
The stars that we see at night are like the sun
but they are so far away they appear small.
However, because the sun is closer to us
it appears much larger.
On the surface of the sun
1.300.000 planets Earths could fit!
That is huge!
And it is so hot!
The temperature of the sun is 5.500°C!
And on Earth when it is 40ºC we are already too hot
imagine the sun!
The Earth and the planets rotate around the sun
which is in the middle of our solar system.
Our solar system has 8 planets.
Shall we visit the first one?
We've arrived!
We are on Mercury, this is its sign.
It is the smallest planet in our solar system.
It is gray and is filled with craters
caused by the impact of meteorites.
That's why I am wearing my helmet...you never know!
It takes 88 days to travel around the sun.
It has the smallest orbit of all!
Let's get out of here!
It is so hot!
We are on Venus, this is its sign.
The temperature here is very high!
Venus is 463ºC!
It rotates
in the opposite direction of Earth.
And when it rains
it rains sulphuric acid.
Here life would be impossible.
We should go before it rains.
This is our home,
Earth and this is its sign.
Imagine that this light bulb is the sun,
which gives us light and heat.
Now imagine that this ball is the Earth.
The Earth isn't a perfect sphere,
it is elongated by the poles:
the North Pole here and the South Pole here.
In addition, its axis
is slightly inclined.
All 8 planets orbit around the sun
but each orbit is different.
Mercury, the closest to the sun
has a short orbit which it complete quickly.
Whereas planets on the outside, take longer to complete their orbit.
The Earth is the third planet closest to the sun.
The way that the Earth moves around the sun
is called a Revolution movement.
The Earth takes one year to complete orbit.
As you know, in Catalan sign language, the sign for year is this.
And it comes from the revolution movement of our planet.
Earth takes 365 days to complete it.
If we look at the solar rays in the Northern hemisphere
we can see that the sun is closer and that's why we have summer.
But in this position, the Norther hemisphere receives
less sunlight and that is autumn.
And here the Northern hemisphere
only receives sunlight from far away, which is winter.
And here in the middle again, it is spring.
And then the cycle starts again....
The Earth also has another type of movement
besides revolution,
it also spins.
This movement is called rotation
it is this movement.
Rotation is why we have day and night:
when the sun's rays touch this side of the Earth
we see the sun and it is day
and when the Earth rotates, the rays do not touch this side
and we don't see the sun
and it is night.
When on one side of the Earth it is night
on the other side it is day and the other way around.
The rotation of the Earth is complete in 24 hours.
Which explains sunrise in the day
and sunset at night.
The Earth completes rotation 365 times
as it completes the orbit around the sun.
There are 365 days and nights in the completion of the revolution movement.
70% of the Earth is covered in water.
The other 30% is land: the continents.
As far as we know, Earth is the only planet with life,
it has people, flora and fauna
unlike other planets.
Life exists on Earth due to 3 factors:
First thanks to the sun,
which gives us light and keeps us warm.
Secondly, thanks to the atmosphere,
which is a layer of protective air,
which regulates the temperature and filters out solar rays.
Third, thanks to water.
Earth is the perfect distance from the sun:
if it was too close it would evaporate.
In exchange if the Earth was too far from the sun,
the water would freeze and we could not drink it.
Thanks to the perfect spacing, we have liquid water,
which we can drink and fish can live in.
It is too bad that humans don't take better care
of our planet: we cause deforestation, pollution,
and caused many plants and animals to go extinct.
If an alien came and asked us
about the extinct animals and plants, it would be really embarrassing!
We've arrived at the moon, this is its sign.
The moon is Earth's natural satellite.
Imagine that this white ball is the moon
and this blue one is the Earth.
The moon spins around the Earth
with a movement that is different than that of the Earth around the sun.
The route that the moon takes around the Earth
is shorter and lasts just 28 days.
It looks like the moon is closer to the Earth
but in reality it is 384.400 km away.
So far!
On Earth there is a force which unites us and allows us to walk
on the Earth's surface.
The name of this force is
gravity.
That is why when we fall it hurts,
but on the moon,
the force of gravity is weaker.
To move you have to take little jumps.
And if you fall, it doesn't hurt.
From Earth we always see
the same side of the moon because when it orbits
it doesn't spin.
The moon doesn't provide its own light
it appears like it does from Earth
because the sunlight reflects off of it.
Sometimes we see a crescent moon and other times a waning moon.
And sometimes a full moon. This occurs
because on the moon's orbit around the Earth
the moon always receives sunlight on the same side.
From Earth we always see the same side of the moon.
The first beings to see the other side of the moon were two turtles
who were on the Russian rocket Zond 5 launched in 1968.
The turtles went ton
the moon and back again
without any injuries,
they arrived in perfect condition.
One year later,
in America, the first human,
Neil Armstrong traveled to the moon
on Apollo 11.
Armstrong walked on the moon
and his footprints are still there
because since there is no atmosphere
the wind could not erase them.
If you want to see them yourself, travel to the moon.
We've arrived to the fourth planet, closest to the sun.
This is Mars and this is its sign.
It is red.
There are many sandstorms.
It is a little cold: -46ºC is the average temperature.
It looks like Earth
but a little smaller.
Currently there is no water
but in the past, it did have some.
Therefore, life here is impossible.
Shall we go?
We are now on the fifth planet.
It is gaseous, and I cannot remain standing.
I would sink!
This planet is Jupiter and this is its sign.
A day on Jupiter is 10 Earth hours long.
It spins too quickly.
You are just starting to enjoy your day
and it is night time!
That red dot is a giant storm
that two planet Earths could fit into.
Astonishing!
Also, Jupiter has more than 60 moons
that orbit it.
Let's go see another!
We've arrived to Saturn, this is its sign.
It is a gaseous planet like Jupiter.
Around Saturn
there is a ring
made up of rocks and dust.
It is a very cold planet,
its temperature is -180ºC.
And it has very strange weather.
On Earth when it rains, drops of water fall,
but on Jupiter, it doesn't rain water, no,
it rains diamonds!
Amazing!
Should we go look for one and make jewelry?
In the end....we'd better go to a different planet!
We've arrived to the seventh planet, Uranus.
This is its sign.
It is blue
and it is also gaseous.
It rotates during its orbit,
in a vertical manner,
while all the other planets rotate horizontally.
Are we going to see the last planet? We are almost there.
We've arrived to Neptune.
This is its sign.
It is very cold with an average temperature of -205ºC.
It is the farthest planet from the sun.
Like Uranus, Neptune is also blue.
It is so far from the sun
that it takes 164 Earth years to complete its orbit.
That is so long!
It is pretty but boring. It isn't very active.
We'd better get back to Earth! Let's go!
That was a great trip wasn't it?
So far humans have only traveled to the moon.
We haven't made it to any of the planets yet.
Everything that we know
is from images taken
from unmanned ships.
From Earth, the first to observe the sky with a telescope
was Galileo Galilei,
and he built it himself.
This is his sign.
Later, Newton who has this sign,
improved the telescope
and the ones we have today are stratospheric.
In addition to planets and satelites
there are asteroids and comets in the solar system.
The sign for comets is this,
they are celestial bodies
they have a tail or a wake trailing behind them.
And this is the sign for asteroids
which are rocky formations.
When they crash, scratch each other or enter into contact
with planets or satellites, they leave a mark, called a crater.
The craters on the moon
were caused by asteroids.
Millions of years ago on the Earth
one fell that killed the dinosaurs
and made evolution possible
from which humans came about.
When names were given to the planets in ancient times
they thought of the gods.
Religion in ancient times was polytheistic, there were many gods.
And each planet received the name of a god
with whom they shared a characteristic.
Jupiter was the biggest god.
That is why the biggest planet is called Jupiter.
Mars, the god of war,
is a good name for a red planet
a color associated with blood.
And the shiniest and brightest planet
was given the name of the goddess of beauty:
Venus.
The days of the week
are also related to
the names of the planets.
Monday is the day of the moon.
Tuesday is the day of war for Mars
Wednesday is related Mercury
Thursday is related to Jupiter
and Friday to Venus,
Saturday for Saturn..
And "domingo/diumenge",... In Spanish and Catlan how is it related?
In Spanish and Catalan it lost its connection to the solar system
but in English we still recognize it
Sunday is the day of the sun.
We have learned so much!
The solar system isn't the only one in the universe.
There are many other solar systems
orbiting around the uncountable
stars of the universe.
Just as on Earth there is life
thanks to the sun,
the atmosphere and water,
in other solar systems
planets may exist with the same condition which could be home to other living beings.
Other living beings?! Who knows! What do you think?
I loved taking this trip together!
We will do it again! See you soon!